SynthesisAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Safety and Efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is used widely for medical and aesthetic purposes in women of childbearing age. With the increasing number of approved indications, it is essential to assess BoNT-A safety and efficacy in pregnant women.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the studies reporting maternal and neonatal outcomes following BoNT-A treatment during pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve relevant studies. Data were synthesized into summary tables outlining maternal characteristics, treatment regimens, and neonatal outcomes.
resultsA total of eighteen studies with 486 pregnancies were included. Maternal indications for treatment included cosmetic purposes, neurological disorders, and pain management. Most patients received BoNT-A in the first trimester. Pregnancy outcomes were available for 488 fetuses. 379 (77.7%) were healthy, 98 (20.1%) fetuses were lost (elective, therapeutic, and spontaneous abortions), and 11 (2.3%) had cases of birth defects.
conclusionsThis is the first systematic review to synthesize the published clinical outcomes of BoNT-A use during pregnancy. The current evidence remains insufficient to establish safety due to significant heterogeneity and insufficient data. Although no direct association between fetal harm or losses and BoNT-A treatment could be inferred, the evidence remains limited. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to establish the safety profile and identify potentially rare or delayed outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Registered trials
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