Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42227923›Full record

ArticleJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2026

Developmental Profile and Variability in Preschool-Age Children With Down Syndrome.

Sara Onnivello, Giuseppe Ramacieri, Elisa Rossi, Maria Chiara Pelleri, Francesca Antonaros, Sara Colaianni, Chiara Marcolin, Francesca Pulina, Beatrice Vione, Francesca Catapano and 4 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sara OnnivelloDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6565-7500
Giuseppe RamacieriDepartment of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Elisa RossiDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Maria Chiara PelleriDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Francesca AntonarosDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-5833
Sara ColaianniDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3624-1304
Chiara MarcolinDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Francesca PulinaDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Beatrice VioneDepartment of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Francesca CatapanoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Enrico ToffaliniDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Chiara LocatelliPerinatal Comfort Care and Assistance to the Newborn with Congenital Malformations Unit, Department of Neonatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Pierluigi StrippoliDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Silvia LanfranchiDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-6019

Funding

Italian Complementary National Plan CUPB53C22006250001Italian Complementary National Plan CUPB53C22006450001Italian Complementary National Plan PNC0000002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe developmental and cognitive profile of Down syndrome (DS) has been studied across various age groups, but we have still a limited understanding of the preschool-age range, including the domains that show the greatest variability at this age. Our study aims to (1) define the developmental profile in preschool-age children with DS and (2) explore variability within domains of functioning.

methodWe assessed 43 preschool-aged children with DS (38-76 months) using the Griffiths-III scales. This tool assesses development across five scales: Foundations of Learning, Language and Communication, Eye and Hand Coordination, Personal-Social-Emotional and Gross Motor Skills. We employed multivariate linear models for analysis.

resultsThe analyses revealed a peaks-and-valleys profile, with higher scores in the Personal-Social-Emotional and Gross Motor domains compared to the Foundations of Learning, Language and Communication and Eye and Hand Coordination scales. Notably, high interindividual variability was observed in the Language and Communication and Personal-Social-Emotional domains.

conclusionsOur findings identify strengths and weaknesses in specific domains within the preschool-aged range and show higher variability in the verbal and personal-social-emotional domains. All this information offers valuable insights for early intervention planning, supporting parents, caregivers, and stakeholders in promoting optimal development in children with DS.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentDown SyndromeMotor SkillsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaledevelopmental profileDown syndromemilestonesvariability

Identifiers

PMID42227923
PMCPMC13327169

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