ArticleBioMed research international2026
Renal Biomarkers as Predictors of Renal Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Renal Biomarkers as Predictors of Renal Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.BioMed research international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease of global health concern. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by varying degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion and can lead to renal dysfunction. This study, therefore, evaluated the prognostic potential of renal biomarkers as predictors of kidney damage in Sudanese T2DM. MATERIALS AND
methodsAn analytical case-control hospital-based study was conducted among patients attending the Kosti Diabetic Center (KDC) from March to October 2023. A total of 400 individuals were enrolled in the study: 200 with T2DM and 200 without T2DM as the control group. Their age and sex were matched. Serum urea, fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine, and albumin levels were estimated using a semiautomated biochemical analyzer; HbA1c levels were determined with a Getein 1100 analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and descriptive, t-tests, and multivariate analyses were performed.
resultsPlasma urea (95% CI = 11.12 - 17.02, p < 0.001), creatinine (95% CI = 0.442 - 0.606, p < 001), urine albumin (95% CI = 111.78 - 138.63, p < 0.001), and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (95% CI = 20.03 - 28.92, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group, while serum albumin (95% CI = -1.73 to -1.46, p < 0.001) and urine creatinine (95% CI = -103.79 to -78.02, p < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group. The results showed no significant differences in biochemical parameters by sex (p > 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8) than in those with good glycemic control (HbA1c < 8) (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). ACR weakly correlated with HbA1c and FBG levels (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.229, p < 0.001, and r = 0.201, p < 0.001, respectively) but strongly correlated with the duration of diabetes. There was a significant positive correlation between ACR and serum creatinine (r = 0.261, p < 0.001). At the same time, there was a significant negative correlation between ACR and serum albumin (r = -0.381, p < 0.001) and serum albumin and serum creatinine (r = -0.590, p < 0.001).
conclusionPatients with Type 2 diabetes have significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, and ACR levels. Renal dysfunction in Type 2 diabetics is associated with poor glycemic control and the duration of the disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.