Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42227334›Full record

ReviewNucleic acids research2026

Addressing the needs of nano-rare patients: the n-Lorem experience.

Stanley T Crooke, Sarah Glass, Joseph G Gleeson, Laurence Mignon, Konstantina Skourti-Stathaki, Julie Douville, Megan Knutsen, He Pu, Jennifer M Bain, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis and 10 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. From N-of-1 therapy to health-system implementation.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Stanley T Crooken-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4260-1520
Sarah Glassn-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
Joseph G GleesonDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
Laurence Mignonn-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
Konstantina Skourti-Stathakin-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
Julie Douvillen-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
Megan Knutsenn-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
He Pun-Lorem Foundation, Carlsbad, CA 92101, United States.
Jennifer M BainDepartment of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Elizabeth Berry-KravisDepartment of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7099-1522
Neil A ShneiderCenter for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Olivia Kim-McManusUCSD Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, United States.
Florian S EichlerDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Wendy K ChungDepartment Pediatrics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Amanda NagyDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8116-4805
Horacio KaufmannDepartment of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10017, United States.
Alejandra Gonzalez-DuarteDepartment of Neurology, Dysautonomia Center, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman school of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
Björn OskarssonMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 55905, United States.
Emily A McCourtDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
Nelson LeungDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5651-1411

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patients with extremely rare pathogenic variants pose unique challenges to current healthcare systems. Nano-rare mutations have been defined as mutations with a known prevalence of <30 patients worldwide, but because of the small fraction of humans who have undergone genetic testing, neither the precise prevalence of individual mutations nor the total prevalence of patients with nano-rare mutations is known. n-Lorem is a non-profit founded in 2020 with the mission of equitably discovering, developing, and providing bespoke experimental antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for free, for life, to patients with nano-rare mutations that are amenable to ASO treatment. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the n-Lorem processes and systems, the characteristics of the first 329 patients who have applied for treatment for whom initial assessment was completed and suitability for ASO treatment determined, and a summary of the results of ASO treatment for patients treated to date. Detailed data on individual patients and the overall clinical safety and tolerability profiles of the ASOs for which there are clinical data are the subjects of other manuscripts.

Indexed as

Genetic TherapyMutationOligonucleotides, AntisenseRare DiseasesHumansOligonucleotides, Antisense

Identifiers

PMID42227334
PMCPMC13227102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.