ArticleResearch in nursing & health2026
Factors Associated With Second Victim Experiences and Outcomes Among Clinical Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Research in nursing & health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Moral luck, shame, and which errors attract sanction: an alternative reading of the Japan-US comparison of second victim syndrome.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Leadership and Organizational Responses After Patient Safety Incidents: A Systematic Review of Second-Victim Outcomes and Evidence Gaps in Safety Behaviors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of incident-related factors (severity, reporting, disclosure), individual factors (grit), and organizational factors (speaking-up climate) with second victim experiences and outcomes among clinical nurses. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted as part of the SAFETY project. Data were analyzed from 518 clinical nurses who had directly experienced patient safety incidents within the preceding 6 months. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with second victim experiences and outcomes. Second victim experiences and outcomes were associated with incident-related, individual, and organizational factors. Second victim distress increased with greater incident severity and higher patient-oriented intrinsic motivation, and decreased with higher levels of psychological safety. Negative job-related outcomes increased with resignation toward speaking up and decreased with sustained professional interest and psychological safety. Incident disclosure was associated with reduced psychological distress, whereas the effects of incident reporting varied across outcome groups. To mitigate second victim distress and negative job-related outcomes, the findings underscore the importance of establishing structured institutional frameworks that promote supportive organizational cultures and system-level interventions, alongside strategies to strengthen individual self-care capacity.
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