ArticleAIDS (London, England)2026
Heterogeneity of baseline immune activation and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in people with HIV: a multicenter prospective study.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether baseline immune activation and inflammation contribute to heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people with HIV (PWH) compared to controls.
methodsIn this multicenter prospective study, 159 ART-treated PWH from two cohorts and 56 HIV-negative controls were enrolled. The two PWH cohorts differed in immunovirological control: one showed sustained viral suppression and CD4 + T-cell recovery, the other persistent CD4 + T-cell lymphopenia despite ART, sometimes with residual viremia. Baseline plasma levels of 20 cytokines, chemokines and soluble endothelial markers, were measured before SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Post-vaccination anti-spike IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ-producing T cells were quantified and correlated with baseline immune mediators.
resultsPWH had higher baseline levels of innate immune activation and endothelial inflammation markers than controls, particularly among immunological nonresponders. Principal component analysis identified two inflammatory profile groups among PWH: one characterized by Th1/Th17-oriented cytokine profile, and the other with dominant monocyte activation and endothelial markers. Higher baseline inflammation in PWH was associated with reduced humoral vaccine responses and elevated ICAM-1 levels with decreased IFN-γ T-cell responses, irrespective of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, among HIV-negative participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, higher sCD14, IL-12p70, MCP-1, and E-selectin levels correlated with stronger humoral responses, whereas ICAM-1 was associated with increased IFN-γ T-cell responses.
conclusionBaseline inflammatory and endothelial profiles may constitute additional determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses in PWH. The opposite associations observed in controls highlight the context-dependent immunological effects of these pathways across chronic immune dysfunction and immunocompetent states.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.