ArticleCureus2026
Bridging Awareness to Community Engagement on Indoor Air Pollution: A Pilot Health Education Activity in an Urban Slum of Bhopal, India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a significant public health problem in urban slum settings in India. Even in households using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), exposure to indoor pollutants continues due to poor ventilation, supplementary solid fuel use, and burning of incense and mosquito coils. Most available information, education, and communication (IEC) materials on air pollution address outdoor pollution and are not suited to household-level exposures. Methods A community-based health promotion activity was carried out in an urban slum of Ward 49, Bhopal, India, from May to June 2025. It had four phases: (1) a household-level knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey (n=32); (2) a review of existing IEC materials on air pollution; (3) development and community-based refinement of Hindi-language IEC posters, assessed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) readability index and the teach-back method; and (4) pilot implementation through health talks at the Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC). Results Most respondents were women (78%), with a mean age of 42 years. All households used LPG as their primary cooking fuel, but 56% (18/32) also used supplementary solid fuels. Nearly two-thirds of households (62.5%, 20/32) had never heard of IAP as a concept; awareness of pollution sources was limited mostly to outdoor vehicle emissions. Practice gaps included no chimney or exhaust fan in 94% of cooking areas, cooking in the living room in 56% of households, and daily use of incense sticks or mosquito coils in 75% of respondents. The revised IEC poster had an SMOG grade of 8.1, compared to 10.2 for an existing national IEC poster, reflecting better readability. Health talks were held at the UPHC, and IEC materials were distributed. Conclusion A structured, community needs-based approach to IAP health communication is feasible in urban slum settings. IEC materials developed from local assessments are more readable and relevant and may help support behaviour change in households transitioning away from solid fuels.
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