Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42226824›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Diabetic Ketoacidosis From Health Insurance-Requested Non-medical Switching.

Ahmet S Can, Forrest Yeakley, Zhiwei Zhang

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ahmet S CanEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Arnot Ogden Medical Center, Elmira, USA.
Forrest YeakleyMedicine, Arnot Ogden Medical Center, Elmira, USA.
Zhiwei ZhangMedicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-medical switching is a change in treatment regimen for reasons other than efficacy, side effects, or adherence, with the purpose of decreasing healthcare costs. A 20-year-old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. She was having issues with her health insurance and pharmacy in filling her prescriptions. Her health insurance changed its drug formulary after the New Year began. In response to the request of her health insurance, her existing insulin treatment was non-medically switched to a new rapid-acting insulin and a long-acting insulin. She was confused about what she should be taking. She took her newly prescribed non-medically switched long-acting insulin three times daily before meals in place of rapid-acting insulin, along with her previously prescribed long-acting insulin. Then, she could not fill her new non-medically switched prescription, because subscribers of the same health insurance were changed to the same insulin at the same time, triggering a drug shortage in our service area. She was admitted and stayed in the hospital for three days for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. After her discharge, her health insurance covered the original regimen that she was on before the non-medical switch. Non-medical switching defeated its purpose and increased healthcare spending in our case. Non-medical switching not only placed additional financial burden on our patient's health, but also jeopardized patient safety by significantly contributing to an acute complication of diabetes mellitus. Further studies that compare healthcare utilization, not just drug prices, are needed to explore if non-medical switching saves money and is cost-effective. This is the first case report in the medical literature that shows that non-medical switching can cause diabetic ketoacidosis.

Indexed as

diabetic ketoacidosisinsulin treatmentinsurance drug coveragenon-medical switchingtype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42226824
PMCPMC13222123

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.