ArticleDigital health
Characteristics of behavior change techniques in theory-based self-management education and support interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes using digital technology: A scoping review.
Article in Digital health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This scoping review aimed to inform the development of theory-driven, person-centered digital diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) programs for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The Behavioral Education and Support Techniques (BEST) taxonomy, adapted from the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1), was used to improve clarity and relevance for DSME/S. Theory-based digital DSME/S intervention studies published between 2016 and 2023 and targeting adults aged ≥20 years were included. Studies were selected and data extracted using the Population, Concept, and Context framework. Theoretical foundations and behavior change domains were analyzed through iterative consensus among the research team. Results: Of 5,181 records, 41 studies met inclusion criteria. Most of the participants in the included studies were over 40 years old. Smartphone app-based interventions predominated, accounting for 36.5%, followed by web-based interventions at 34.2%. The ADCES 7 Self-Care Behaviors framework, which underpins the National Standards for DSME/S, was the most frequently identified framework (n=14, 34%). Shaping Knowledge, Goals and Planning, Social Support, and Monitoring were the most frequently applied behavior change domains, reflecting a stronger emphasis on individual-level capabilities than on contextual or system-level changes. No single theory was consistently associated with positive clinical or behavioral outcomes across studies. Conclusions: This review identified the theoretical frameworks, behavioral domains and techniques targeted in current digital DSME/S. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital DSME/S interventions across diverse populations and to identify behavior change techniques tailored to specific subgroups, such as individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.