ArticleJournal of pain research2026
Cost-Effectiveness of Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of PSPS Type 1 from the Belgian Perspective.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) using the Differential Target Multiplexed (DTM) waveform is an effective treatment for treating chronic neuropathic back and leg pain that is refractory to other interventions. The purpose of this research was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in a population with Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 1 (PSPS T1) by updating an existing model with inputs from Belgian healthcare databases and Western European clinical data. Patients and Methods: A two-phase model was built using a 24-month decision tree followed by a 13-year Markov model. Model inputs were sourced from a recent European randomized controlled trial evaluating DTM-SCS for the treatment of PSPS T1, other published literature, and publicly available Belgian healthcare data. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated using deterministic analysis. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the effect of individual model input parameters on results. Overall model uncertainty was tested using probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: The model estimated that DTM-SCS would be cost-effective versus conventional medical management (CMM) in 99.7% of 10,000 simulations, at an assumed willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000. DTM-SCS patients gained 1.29 QALYs compared to CMM patients, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €11,518 and an incremental net benefit (INB) that became positive at year 5. The base-case results remained robust in scenario analyses, which found that medication use, utilities associated with suboptimal and optimal pain relief, and the time horizon were the largest drivers of uncertainty in the model. Conclusion: The results of the model suggest that DTM-SCS is likely to be a cost-effective treatment option for PSPS T1 compared to CMM for patients in the Belgian healthcare system.
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