Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42226709›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2026

The SPN-4 Rbfox RNA-binding protein selects maternal mRNAs for CCR4-NOT-dependent clearance in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

Caroline A Spike, Dylan M Parker, Tatsuya Tsukamoto, Naly Torres Mangual, Erika C Tsukamoto, Karissa Coleman, Micah D Gearhart, David Greenstein, Erin Osborne Nishimura

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Caroline A SpikeDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5067-7472
Dylan M ParkerDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4910-4113
Tatsuya TsukamotoDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5306-3791
Naly Torres MangualDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9984-2384
Erika C TsukamotoDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-4595-2024
Karissa ColemanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1252-267X
Micah D GearhartDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9873-1930
David GreensteinDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8189-2087
Erin Osborne NishimuraDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4313-4573

Funding

mRNA regulation, localization, and dynamics in C. elegans embryogenesisR35GM124877 · NIGMS · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Erin Osborne Nishimura · 2017 to 2026
$4.1M
Predoctoral Training in Quantitative Cell & Molecular BiologyT32GM132057 · NIGMS · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Karen Marie Dobos, Brian Munsky · 2019 to 2026
$2.9M
The C. elegans Germline: A Test Tube for Cell and Developmental BiologyR35GM144029 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI David Irwin Greenstein · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
Intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions in stress granule regulation and diseaseK99GM159062 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Dylan Parker · 2025 to 2026
$249k
Mechanisms Directing Translating Complexes to Plasma Membranes for Local TranslationF31GM153150 · NIGMS · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI TORRES, NALY · 2024 to 2025
$83k
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation DRG 2471-22Directorate for Biological Sciences 2143849National Science Foundation 2143849NIGMS NIH HHS F31GM153150NIGMS NIH HHS K99 GM159062NIGMS NIH HHS K99GM159062NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM124877NIGMS NIH HHS R35GM124877NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM144029NIGMS NIH HHS R35GM144029NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM132057NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM132057NIH HHS K99GM159062University of Minnesota
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The elimination of maternal mRNAs is an essential feature of the maternal-to-zygotic transition. We report an essential pathway that clears many maternal transcripts from early C. elegans embryos using the Rbfox-related SPN-4 RNA-binding protein as a specificity factor and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex as an effector. We biochemically identified SPN-4-associated mRNAs from late-stage oocytes and found that the set of SPN-4-associated transcripts is enriched for maternal mRNAs that undergo early decay. Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments established that many SPN-4-associated mRNAs fail to be eliminated in the absence of SPN-4. In the 3'UTRs of two target mRNAs, we identified Rbfox motifs that are required for SPN-4-dependent clearance in vivo and bind SPN-4 in vitro. In a genetic screen to identify factors that work with SPN-4, we isolated mutant alleles of CCR4-NOT components. Auxin-induced degradation of the LET-711/NOT1 scaffold and the CCF-1 deadenylase disrupted clearance of two SPN-4-associated transcripts. Our results support a model in which SPN-4 initiates expression in late-stage oocytes, associates with maternal mRNA targets through RNA sequences in their 3'UTRs and promotes CCR4-NOT-mediated decay during early embryogenesis.

Indexed as

Caenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, MessengerRNA, Messenger, Stored3' Untranslated RegionsAnimalsEmbryo, NonmammalianExoribonucleasesFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalOocytesRibonucleasesRNA Stability3' Untranslated RegionsCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsExoribonucleasesRibonucleasesRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, MessengerRNA, Messenger, StoredCCR4-NOT deadenylase complexC. eleganslin-41 and chs-1Maternal mRNA clearanceOocyte-to-embryo transitionSPN-4

Identifiers

PMID42226709
PMCPMC13286378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.