ArticleBMC biotechnology2026
A dual pH/ROS-responsive hyaluronan-gated hollow mesoporous silica nanoplatform with CD44-associated cellular interaction improves curcumin retention under serum challenge and attenuates TNF-α-driven inflammatory outputs in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.
Article in BMC biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis is driven in part by activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from rheumatoid arthritis tissue (RA-FLS), which amplify inflammatory and oxidative pathways that contribute to progressive joint damage. Curcumin (CUR) is mechanistically relevant to these pathogenic processes; however, its therapeutic utility is constrained by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and non-selective exposure. Here, we developed a hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HMSN)-based nanodelivery platform that integrates an HA outer gate with a dual pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive interfacial design. Unlike passive HA-coated carriers, this system was designed to combine serum-phase CUR retention with condition-dependent HA gate remodeling and CD44-associated cellular interaction. The final HA-gated formulation preserved the hollow HMSN architecture, achieved high CUR incorporation (encapsulation efficiency 73.55 ± 3.06%; drug loading 18.39 ± 0.77% w/w), and showed reduced baseline leakage under neutral conditions with increased release under combined acidic/oxidative stimulation. HA shedding assays and bonding-mode controls further supported stimulus-selective gate detachment rather than simple adsorption-related loss. Under protein challenge, the HA-gated system reduced premature CUR leakage relative to ungated HMSNs. In RA-FLS, it increased cell-associated CUR signal in a CD44-associated manner and, at matched CUR-equivalent dosing, produced the strongest suppression of metabolic viability, DNA synthesis, TNF-α-induced inflammatory and matrix-associated mediators, and intracellular ROS, while showing improved tolerability in healthy synoviocytes compared with free CUR. These findings support this HA-gated dual pH/ROS-responsive HMSN system as an in vitro proof-of-concept nanodelivery platform for improving CUR retention and RA-FLS-directed functional activity under inflammatory microenvironment-relevant conditions.
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