Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42225997›Full record

ArticleJournal of robotic surgery2026

Development and use of a Porcine Liver Model (PLM) for robotic liver surgery training.

Edoardo Poletto, Laura Alaimo, Mario De Bellis, Bernardo Dalla Valle, Diletta Roman, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Andrea Ruzzenente

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Edoardo PolettoDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-0104
Laura AlaimoDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-2719
Mario De BellisDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-5921
Bernardo Dalla ValleDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-1324
Diletta RomanDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-4230
Tommaso CampagnaroDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-2455
Simone ConciDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-1974
Andrea RuzzenenteDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepato-Biliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. andrea.ruzzenente@univr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-563X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesEx-vivo models may be useful in shortening the learning curve and increasing proficiency in robotic surgery. Our team developed an ex-vivo Porcine Liver Model (PLM) for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) robotic surgery training we aimed to validate it.

designThe model was used in a robotic HPB surgery course. A Likert scale survey was administered to participants, investigating reliability, face validity, content validity and operator confidence.

results25 surgeons responded to the survey: 11 residents (median training 4 years), 14 consultants (median practice 5 years). The PLM was used on a step-by-step chain of exercises including cholecystectomy, hepatic hilum dissection, liver mobilization, transection and hepato-jejunal anastomosis. The model was costless and easy to prepare. The average results on the survey were above 4 for reliability, face validity and content validity (4.3, 4.2, 4.5 respectively) and 3.9 for operator confidence; The model scored better among residents, in particular in terms of reliability (4.5 vs 4.1, p=0.05) and face validity (4.4 vs 3.9, p=0.03).

conclusionsWe developed an ex-vivo liver model that may be a valuable tool for robotic surgery training in HPB. This is particularly useful for surgeons with no prior experience with the Da Vinci platform or with minimally invasive liver surgery.

Indexed as

LiverModels, AnimalRobotic Surgical ProceduresAnimalsClinical CompetenceHumansInternship and ResidencyLearning CurveReproducibility of ResultsSwineAnimal modelEx vivo modelLearning curveLiver surgeryRobotic surgery

Identifiers

PMID42225997
PMCPMC13226372

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.