ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026
Shared genetic architecture and pathways linking major depressive disorder and autoimmune thyroid disease: insights from common and rare variants.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) frequently co-occur, yet the genetic factors underlying their comorbidity remain unclear. We performed a population-matched cohort study from the UK Biobank to evaluate the phenotypic association between MDD and AITD. Genetic correlation, causal relationships, and pleiotropic loci/genes shared between the diseases were assessed based on common variants using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, complemented by individual-level validation through polygenic risk score analysis. We additionally performed an exome-wide association analysis using the UK Biobank 450k whole-exome sequencing (WES) release to identify disease-specific risk genes from rare variants. Findings from common and rare variants were integrated and subjected to pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and transcription factor (TF) analyses to locate functional modules. In the cohort study, MDD and AITD were associated with a 2.8-fold increased risk of developing the other condition. We confirmed a modest but statistically significant positive genetic correlation (r
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