Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42225279›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Identification of Frailty Subtypes in African American Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Class Analysis From the Jackson Heart Study.

Felicia R Simpson, Mark A Espeland, Alain G Bertoni, Jai J Legins, Torre S Lloyd, Tanaiya A Sumter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Felicia R SimpsonDepartment of Mathematics, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1924-5564
Mark A EspelandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3711-1949
Alain G BertoniDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Jai J LeginsDepartment of Mathematics, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Torre S LloydDepartment of Mathematics, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Tanaiya A SumterDepartment of Mathematics, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)National Science Foundation 2300385NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800010INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800011INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800012INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800014INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800015INIMHD NIH HHS HHSN268201800013Ithe National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo identify frailty subtypes among African American adults with and without diabetes.

methodsThis analysis included data from 3979 African American men and women who enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study at baseline (Exam1: 2000-2004). To identify frailty subtypes, we selected 25 age-related deficits in health and functional outcomes as indicator variables to use in multiple-group latent class analysis (LCA), with diabetes status as the grouping variable. Components included markers of general health, physical function, social engagement, work, activities of daily living, behaviour/lifestyle, sleep, age-related chronic diseases, pain, clinical biomarkers, and sensorineural abilities.

resultsThree frailty groups were identified for adults with and without diabetes: the 'severely frail' group (15.2% of those without diabetes; 22.4% of those with diabetes); the 'moderately frail' group (21.7% of those without diabetes; 13.1% of those with diabetes); and the 'not frail' group (63.1% of those without diabetes; 64.5% of those with diabetes). Adults in the 'severely frail' group had higher probabilities of poor health perception, limited mobility, high blood pressure, obesity, and claudication, and this was similar for those with and without diabetes. Among individuals in the 'moderately frail' group, higher probabilities of poor health perception, limited mobility, high blood pressure, obesity, and claudication were found among those with diabetes, whereas only sleep quality and obesity had higher probabilities among those without diabetes.

conclusionsThree heterogeneous frailty subgroups were identified among African American adults, with similarities and differences noted for those with and without diabetes with regard to high probabilities for certain deficits in health and functional outcomes. Further investigation is needed to evaluate if these subgroups predict health-related outcomes.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FrailtyActivities of Daily LivingAdultAgedFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisMaleMiddle AgedAfrican Americansfrailtylatent class analysistype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42225279
PMCPMC13341380

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.