ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026
Pediatric Clinical Images Without Consent: A Governance Gap in the Long-Term Reuse of Health Data in Digital Health Ecosystems.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Is This Still Medical Education? The Educational Use of Nude Pediatric Clinical Photographs: Bioethical Reassessment.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Digital health governance frameworks have primarily focused on prospective safeguards, including informed consent at the point of data collection, lawful processing, and data security. Comparatively less attention has been devoted to the long-term circulation of legacy clinical materials, particularly pediatric clinical images reused across educational and digital infrastructures. This viewpoint examines governance challenges associated with the prolonged educational and digital reuse of pediatric clinical images without identifiable evidence of consent. Drawing on a longitudinal case spanning more than 3 decades (1991-2026), this article illustrates how clinical images may continue circulating across textbooks, educational repositories, conference materials, e-books, and online teaching platforms long after their original creation and publication context. The case is informed by archival educational materials, institutional correspondence, publisher communications, and formal regulatory findings, including a decision issued by the Polish Patient Rights Ombudsman confirming continuing violations related to dissemination of intimate pediatric clinical images without identifiable consent. This article argues that current digital health governance frameworks remain insufficiently equipped to address persistence, traceability, provenance, and coordinated withdrawal of legacy clinical materials once they enter distributed educational ecosystems. Fragmented accountability across health care institutions, publishers, educational systems, libraries, repositories, and digital platforms may allow sensitive clinical materials to remain accessible despite regulatory intervention or removal requests. The article further discusses how publicly accessible educational materials may become incorporated into downstream artificial intelligence and machine learning ecosystems through digitization, aggregation, web scraping, and secondary dataset reuse. In this context, unresolved historical consent deficiencies may become embedded within artificial intelligence-enabled infrastructures without effective provenance tracking or remediation mechanisms. To address these limitations, this viewpoint proposes a lifecycle-oriented governance framework emphasizing long-term consent traceability, provenance-aware dissemination systems, verification checkpoints before reuse or republication, periodic review of legacy educational archives, and coordinated cross-platform withdrawal procedures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.