Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42224369›Full record

ArticlePLOS global public health2026

The Right to Development and disparities in healthcare access: Qualitative study from rural Ontario, Canada.

Amal Jawad, Bonny Ibhawoh, Lisa Schwartz, Andrew Kapoor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLOS global public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Amal JawadMary Heersink School of Global Health, Department of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-9951
Bonny IbhawohDepartment of History, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-5666
Lisa SchwartzDepartment of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Andrew KapoorDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Right to Development is the UN-recognised principle that frames development as a human right, emphasising equitable access to resources and opportunities. As enshrined in the UN Declaration on Human Rights, it affirms that all individuals should be able to participate in, contribute to, and benefit from development processes, including healthcare. This study examines how ethnic minorities in Oxford County, rural Ontario, perceive their healthcare access and identify barriers to their right to development. Using a qualitative interpretive approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants, 16 men and 9 women, between January and April 2025. Data were analysed through Braun and Clarke's six-step method for thematic analysis, revealing two central themes: constraints on social support and equity and inclusion policy. The first theme highlights compounded challenges, including ethnoracial stratification, social isolation, and limited social support. The second theme reflects participants' views on accessibility, resource allocation, and inclusivity of healthcare, pointing to the need for targeted policy interventions. Findings demonstrate that while participation is critical, meaningful healthcare equity requires more substantial commitments to universality and accessibility. Applying the right to development framework advances understanding of healthcare disparities by linking inclusive participation with the practical delivery of equitable services. This study carries significant policy implications, underscoring the importance of addressing structural and cultural barriers, strengthening community support systems, and ensuring fair distribution of healthcare resources. Situating the rural Ontario case within broader global debates, the research offers insights applicable to rural and underserved populations worldwide.

Identifiers

PMID42224369
PMCPMC13225652

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.