ArticlePloS one2026
Association between frailty status and osteomyelitis: A nested case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough frailty has been recognized as a predictor of various adverse outcomes in older adults, the association between physical pre-frailty or frailty and the risk of osteomyelitis remains unclear.
methodsIn this nested case-control study, data from 466,918 eligible participants recruited into the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 were used. Incident osteomyelitis cases were identified through linked electronic health records up to 19 December 2022 and matched to controls at a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and assessment center from the baseline population meeting the eligibility criteria. Frailty status was assessed at baseline using a five-item phenotype adapted from the Fried criteria and categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between frailty status and osteomyelitis after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, lifestyle behaviors, medication use, and clinical risk factors.
resultsCompared with non-frail individuals, participants with physical pre-frailty had a significantly higher odds of osteomyelitis (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.16-1.64), with the odds further increasing among those with physical frailty (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.05-3.81), demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship (P-trend <0.001). These associations between physical frailty status and osteomyelitis remained robust across subgroups defined by potential risk factors.
conclusionsPhysical pre-frailty and frailty were associated with higher odds of osteomyelitis, with the odds increasing across frailty categories.
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