Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42223591›Full record

ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026

Adaptation and evaluation of PRO-Kid (patient-reported outcome measure for the assessment of symptoms burden in pediatric chronic kidney disease) for children aged 2-7 years.

Simone Dew, Kimberley Widger, Adam Rapoport, Rahul Chanchlani, Janis Dionne, Susan Samuel, Lorraine Hamiwka, Ke Fan Bei, Kelly Loverock, Sara N Davison and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyValidation Study
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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Simone DewFaculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Kimberley WidgerPediatric Advanced Care Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Adam RapoportPediatric Advanced Care Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rahul ChanchlaniDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Janis DionneDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Susan SamuelSection of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Lorraine HamiwkaSection of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Ke Fan BeiCan-SOLVE CKD Patient Oriented Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Kelly LoverockCan-SOLVE CKD Patient Oriented Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sara N DavisonDivision of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Banke OketolaChildren's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Allison B DartChildren's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Mina Matsuda-AbediniDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. mmatsuda@cw.bc.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-7095

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure face significant symptom burden, which must be considered in clinical practice. We previously reported the development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for the assessment of CKD symptoms and its impact in children aged 8-18 years (PRO-Kid). This study aimed to assess the validity of modified PRO-Kid tools for children aged 2-7 years.

methodsThe PRO-Kid questionnaire was modified for younger age groups. For children aged 5-7, the Likert scale was replaced with emojis. For children aged 2-4, the questionnaire was completed by a parent proxy. Parents of children aged 2-4 and children aged 5-7 with stages 3-5 CKD including those on dialysis, were recruited from five pediatric nephrology centers in Canada. Semi-structured cognitive interviews were performed during which participants completed the modified PRO-Kid tool and discussed their experience with the questionnaire. Interview notes were collected for content analysis.

resultsWe recruited twenty-one participants, 11 in the 2-4-year age group, and 10 in the 5-7 years age group. Analysis shows that the modified PRO-Kid was easy to complete and understand, and it captured the most relevant symptoms. Age groups diverged with respect to the 7-day recall period, with the caregivers of the 2-4-year age group preferring a longer recall period. The replacement of a Likert scale with emojis in the 5-7-year age group was well received and understood.

conclusionsThe modified PRO-Kid tool is acceptable as a PROM for assessment of symptoms related to CKD for 2-7-year-old children.

Indexed as

Patient Reported Outcome MeasuresRenal Insufficiency, ChronicCanadaChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleParentsQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesSymptom BurdenBy-proxy reportingChronic kidney diseasePatient-reported outcomesPediatric CKDSymptom burden

Identifiers

PMID42223591

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.