Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42222515›Full record

ArticleFree neuropathology2026

Brain extraction for fixed tissue banking: a technical report.

Mads Wolf, Autumn Beck, Laura Paredes, Sarah Darcy, Alexander Parra, Gabriel A Taylor, Macy Garrood, Emma L Thorn, Claudia De Sanctis, John F Crary and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Free neuropathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mads WolfApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Autumn BeckApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Laura ParedesApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Sarah DarcyApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Alexander ParraApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Gabriel A TaylorApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Macy GarroodApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Emma L ThornFriedman Brain Institute, Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Claudia De SanctisFriedman Brain Institute, Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
John F CraryFriedman Brain Institute, Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Kurt FarrellFriedman Brain Institute, Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Andrew T McKenzieApex Neuroscience, Salem, Oregon, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain banking enables the study of human neural tissue and is essential for research on disease, physiology, and neuroanatomy. An essential step for whole brain studies is the extraction of the brain from the skull. Yet detailed technical descriptions of brain removal are rare, perhaps contributing to the artifactual tissue disruption sometimes observed as a result of the procedure. Here, we describe a method for whole brain extraction that could be implemented in the context of a whole-body donation, focused on the use case of fixed tissue banking. The method involves a sequential craniectomy that uses both circumferential and midline sagittal cuts, followed by a posterior approach to cutting the dura. We report the application of this protocol across n = 105 human whole-body donors. We document the time required for each procedural step and the frequency of craniectomy artifacts and skull edge artifacts at the brain surface. When the brain tissue is particularly soft, we also describe the potential use of

Indexed as

Brain bankingBrain extractionImmersion fixationPostmortem changesTissue preservation

Identifiers

PMID42222515
PMCPMC13217454

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.