ArticlePeerJ2026
A comparison of modeling approaches when estimating tibial loading during running with different foot strike patterns.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Rearfoot striking is associated with lower modeled ACL loading during overground running: a musculoskeletal modeling study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Foot strike can alter internal tibial loading, a mechanical factor linked to tibial stress injury. Participant-specific models are essential for evaluating these loads, but detailed tibial geometry typically requires medical imaging. Open-source statistical shape modeling (SSM) enables geometric reconstruction of the tibia from external landmarks without imaging. However, the reconstruction accuracy achievable using only four anatomical markers commonly used in motion capture, relative to imaging-based reference geometries, is unknown. It also remains unclear whether simplified 2D beam theory and detailed 3D finite element analyses produce consistent internal tibial loading responses across altered running conditions. This study (1) quantified reconstruction errors using a 4-marker SSM configuration; and (2) evaluated the consistency of tibial loading estimates across modeling approaches under different foot strike conditions. Methods: An open-source anatomical dataset ( Results: The 4-marker configuration showed a 17.1% lower Jaccard index than the 9-marker configuration. Reconstructed tibial lengths correlated with marker-based measurements (Spearman's Conclusion: Relative changes in internal tibial loading showed consistent directional trends between approaches across foot strike conditions, indicating that simplified 2D beam theory may provide a practical alternative for estimating within-participant or within-group changes in healthy runners when medical imaging is unavailable.
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