ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Sequential PD-1 inhibitor after adjuvant radiotherapy for postoperative oral cancer: a propensity score matching retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of adjuvant radiotherapy and sequential programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in high-risk patients after oral cancer surgery. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included high-risk oral cancer patients who received adjuvant therapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2013 to December 2024. Patients were divided into a PD-1 inhibitor group and a control group based on whether they received PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to match patients 1:1. Overall Survival (OS) and Adverse Events (AEs) were compared between the PD-1 inhibitor group and the control group. Results: A total of 262 patients were included in this study, comprising 125 in the PD-1 inhibitor group and 137 in the control group. After PSM, 89 patients from the PD-1 inhibitor group were successfully matched with 89 patients from the control group. The risk of death in the PD-1 inhibitor group was significantly lower than in the control group, with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30-0.98), P = 0.04. The median OS was not reached (NR) in the PD-1 inhibitor group, whereas it was 55.0 months (95% CI, 48.2-63.5) in the control group. The incidence of adverse events in the PD-1 inhibitor group was higher than in the control group. The most common adverse reactions in the PD-1 inhibitor group were gastrointestinal reactions (40.0%), myelosuppression (31.2%), and oral mucositis (27.2%), all of which were higher than in the control group (4.4%, 5.1%, and 0%, respectively). Adverse events exclusive to the combination group included oral mucositis, radiation dermatitis (8.8%), and hepatitis. One death (0.7%) was reported in the monotherapy group, while there were no deaths in the combination group. Conclusion: In the adjuvant treatment of high-risk postoperative oral cancer patients, sequential PD-1 inhibitor can significantly improve patient survival benefits, but the incidence of adverse events is higher.
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