ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Vertical jump without arm swing and running biomechanics in preschool children (3-6 years): associations and developmental insights.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study examined associations between vertical jump without arm swing and running biomechanics in 405 preschool children aged 3-6 years (53.5% girls) from kindergartens in Slovenia and Croatia. Vertical jump (CMJ) and 10-metre sprint performances were assessed using the OptoJump system, which captured temporal and spatial parameters, from which additional performance indices were derived. No significant sex differences were observed in jumping, while boys demonstrated higher running speed, shorter stride and swing times, and shorter ground contact phases. Moderate correlations were found between jump height, flight time, reactive strength index, and running speed, step length, and foot-ground contact duration, indicating shared biomechanical and functional mechanisms between jumping and running already present in early childhood. Individual variability was pronounced, highlighting the importance of personalized movement activities over sex-based differentiation. The findings suggest that activities targeting jumping mechanics may simultaneously support running efficiency, contributing to integrated locomotor skill development in preschool children. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and partial sprint measurement.
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