ArticleResuscitation plus2026
Drone-delivery of defibrillators reduces time to defibrillation in a ski resort: a randomised simulation-based trial.
Article in Resuscitation plus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the leading cause of sudden, non-traumatic death in ski resorts. Early defibrillation is essential, yet access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is often delayed. Drone-based AED delivery has shown promise in urban settings, but its feasibility and performance under winter alpine conditions remain largely unknown. Methods: In this randomised, simulation-based cross-over trial, three methods of AED delivery were compared: (1) automated drone delivery to bystanders, (2) snowmobile-equipped ski patrol, and (3) simulated helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) flights. Thirty-six simulations involving 12 bystanders, 2 ski patrollers, and 2 physicians were planned. The simulations took place at distances of up to 2500 m at four locations at 2275 m altitude in a highly visited ski resort in the Alps. The primary outcome was time to defibrillation (TTD). Secondary outcomes included bystanders' perceived workload, physical effort, and handling difficulty. Results: Thirty (83%) simulations were completed; six (17%) were cancelled due to severe snowfall. Drone-delivered AEDs achieved significantly shorter TTD compared with snowmobile ski patrol [5.6 (95% CI 4.9-6.3) min vs. 6.7 (95% CI 6.1-7.3) min; Conclusions: Automated drone delivery of AEDs in a mountainous ski resort is feasible under winter conditions and could reduce TTD compared with conventional rescue responses.
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