Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42221826›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Porous bismuth-based liquid metal as multifunctional material.

Ju Wang, Yan Wang, Yunlong Bai, Jingyi Li, Jie Zhang, Minghui Guo, Zhongshan Deng, Yong Zhang, Jinpeng Zhang, Wei Rao and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ju WangState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Yan WangState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Yunlong BaiState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Jingyi LiState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Jie ZhangState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Minghui GuoState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Zhongshan DengState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Yong ZhangThe Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province 655000, China.
Jinpeng ZhangThe Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province 655000, China.
Wei RaoState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Jing LiuState Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid metals own great potential for making multifunctional advanced materials. Gallium-based alloys may not work well for load-bearing situations because of their high density, susceptibility to oxidation, and leakage at room temperature. By contrast, bismuth-based alloys exhibit self-supporting rigidity and heat-induced softening, making them attractive alternatives. Here, we present a sugar-sacrificial-templating strategy for fabricating lightweight porous bismuth-based liquid alloys. By controlling the sieved particle size of the template, this method enables tailored pore structures while reducing the weight of the original metal by more than half and preserving its electrical conductivity and phase-change thermal response. It also provides electromagnetic shielding and internal space for mass transport. Finite element simulations reveal how the pore network regulates stress concentration and electromagnetic wave scattering. The material remains stable under flexible encapsulation and variable temperatures. This work provides a design strategy for bismuth-based multifunctional materials with load-bearing capacity, mass delivery, and tunable electromagnetic protection.

Indexed as

Applied sciencesMaterials scienceMaterials synthesisNanomaterials

Identifiers

PMID42221826
PMCPMC13218255

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.