ArticleiScience2026
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection reveals imprinted antibody responses in the absence of vaccination.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune imprinting in a changing world.Nature immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
37 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Distinct from vaccine-first models, infection-first exposures provide a critical context for understanding SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting in unvaccinated populations. We analyzed neutralizing antibody responses in two independent unvaccinated Nigerian cohorts sampled in early 2023. Using a BA.1 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based assay for Omicron exposure discrimination, we identified widespread pre-Omicron and partial Omicron exposure. Despite recent Omicron infection, plasma neutralization titers against Omicron lineages remained equal or lower compared to those against ancestral Wu-1, indicating infection-derived imprinting. Depletion of Wu-1 spike-binding antibodies abrogated neutralization of both Wu-1 and Omicron pseudoviruses, confirming dominance of ancestral cross-reactive antibodies. Following Wu-1-based vaccination, neutralizing responses increased across all variants, yet Omicron titers did not exceed Wu-1 titers even after breakthrough infection. These findings demonstrate durable infection-induced immune imprinting established before vaccination and only partially mitigated by repeated Omicron exposures, underscoring the influence of infection-first exposure sequence on antibody breadth and broader global relevance for vaccine design.
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Registered trials
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