ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
AI literacy as a potential mediator between attitude and self-efficacy among PICU nurses: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the healthcare landscape, particularly in high-stakes settings like pediatric intensive care units (PICU). While AI holds potential to enhance clinical care, its integration into nursing practice may depend on nurses' attitudes, literacy, and self-efficacy regarding AI. However, the relationships among these constructs-and whether AI literacy plays an indirect role in the attitude-self-efficacy association-remain underexamined in PICU nurses. Aim: This cross-sectional study examined whether AI literacy is statistically consistent with a mediating role in the relationship between PICU nurses' AI attitude and AI self-efficacy. Design: A multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in Sichuan Province, China. Methods: A convenience sample of 221 registered nurses from 10 PICUs in one Chinese province completed self-report measures of the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS), the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale (AILS), and the Artificial Intelligence Self-Efficacy Scale (AISES). Data analyses included Pearson correlation and mediation analysis (PROCESS Model 4) with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Given the cross-sectional design, all analyses are associational, not causal. Results: PICU nurses reported generally positive AI attitude, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy on the respective scales. Positive correlations were observed among all three variables (all Conclusion: In this cross-sectional sample of PICU nurses, the findings were consistent with an indirect role of AI literacy in the association between AI attitude and AI self-efficacy. However, because the data are cross-sectional, causality cannot be inferred. These results are hypothesis-generating and support future longitudinal and intervention studies to test whether enhancing AI literacy can improve AI self-efficacy over time. Pending such confirmation, nursing administrators may consider integrating AI literacy into continuing education as one potential strategy to support nurses' AI self-efficacy.
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