Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42221668›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Anthropometric status of 5-13-year-old children attending urban and rural primary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Onwaba Makanjana, Ashika Naicker, Imana Pal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Onwaba MakanjanaDepartment of Consumer Sciences Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Ashika NaickerDepartment of Consumer Sciences Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Imana PalDepartment of Consumer Sciences Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 aims to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030. There is a high prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children in South Africa. This article seeks to determine the anthropometric status of learners between 5 and 13 years across quintile 1-5 primary schools in the iLembe district in KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A calibrated electronic SECA scale and stadiometer was used to assess the weight and height of the participants, respectively. Data was analyzed using the World Health Organization Anthro Plus software, version 1.0.4. Correlations were conducted using SPSS® version 31. Results: Stunting was prevalent in all three schools. Among the 5-9-year-old group, low height for age was observed in 65.9% of boys and 7.1% of girls in school 1 (quintile 3). With all the schools, age groups and genders combined, the overall prevalence of overweight was 24.6%, with 12.0% of the participants being obese and 3.8% being severely obese. Conclusion: Findings showed a double burden of malnutrition among primary school children in KwaZulu-Natal irrespective of school quintile, therefore indicating a necessity to establish a healthy school food environment that improves the availability of healthy foods, and encourages physical activity to enhance child health outcomes.

Indexed as

AnthropometryGrowth DisordersRural PopulationSchoolsUrban PopulationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMalnutritionOverweightPrevalenceSouth Africaanthropometric status of childrenmalnutritionobesityschool-age childrenstunting

Identifiers

PMID42221668
PMCPMC13220284

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.