Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42221499›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026

Control efficacy and groundwater risk of antibiotic resistance genes in semi-arid landfill leachate treatment: seasonal insights and engineering implications.

Ning Chang, Nan Li, Wenhao Li, Jiaying Xue, Yuhong Zheng, Chengzhen Zhao, Shenghu Zhang, Yinqiao Zhang, Guangxuan Yin, Miaoyi Bao and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ning Chang *Department of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Nan Li *Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Wenhao LiDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Jiaying XueDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Yuhong ZhengDepartment of Environment Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Chengzhen ZhaoInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.
Shenghu ZhangDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Yinqiao ZhangDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Guangxuan YinDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Miaoyi BaoDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Weitao ShenDepartment of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Landfill leachate is a critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), posing prominent risks to groundwater, especially in semi-arid regions. This study focused on the performance of landfill leachate treatment system in Hohhot (Inner Mongolia, semi-arid region), investigating the seasonal variation across three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn), migration characteristics, and control effect of ARGs/MGEs through process optimization-oriented monitoring. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze four key matrices (raw leachate, ultrafiltration effluent, treated leachate, and adjacent groundwater) across three seasons. The treatment system achieved efficient removal of conventional pollutants but failed to eliminate ARGs, MGEs, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Instead, it enriched high-risk hosts (e.g., Pseudomonas_E) and transposases (e.g.,

Indexed as

antibiotics resistance genesgroundwater contamination riskleachatemicrogenomeseason

Identifiers

PMID42221499
PMCPMC13219371

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.