Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42221370›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection on Short-Term CD4 Count Among Adults With HIV in the United States From 2020 to 2022.

Lincoln Hopkins, Elizabeth Humes, Kirsha S Gordon, Vincent C Marconi, Raynell Lang, Michael A Horberg, Sonia Napravnik, Michael J Silverberg, Lindsay E Browne, Lesley S Park and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lincoln HopkinsBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-3585
Elizabeth HumesBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-7688
Kirsha S GordonSchool of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Vincent C MarconiSchool of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Raynell LangCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-4680
Michael A HorbergKaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-7646
Sonia NapravnikDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-3713
Michael J SilverbergDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-1395
Lindsay E BrowneDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7343-8839
Lesley S ParkSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kelly A GeboSchool of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Deana M AgilSchool of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Keri N AlthoffBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-6595
Sally B CoburnBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-1137

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: CD4 T cells are critical for reducing disease severity and viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2, which is particularly important among populations that are immune compromised, including people with HIV (PWH). While vaccines are effective, risk and severity of COVID-19 breakthrough infections are higher in people with vs without HIV. Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on CD4 counts among PWH after a breakthrough infection. Methods: We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 breakthrough infection on immediate (0-60 days) and short-term (61-180 days) CD4 count from 2020 to 2022 among PWH vaccinated for COVID-19 in the CIVETs-II study (Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team). We utilized paired Results: Among 152 PWH, 37% were White and 40% were ≥55 years of age. Median CD4 count prebreakthrough was 614 cells/mm Conclusions: While changes in CD4 counts were observed after breakthrough infection, these results are likely not clinically significant, suggesting that among PWH vaccinated for COVD-19, CD4 count is not substantially affected by breakthrough infections.

Indexed as

breakthroughCD4COVID-19HIVvaccine

Identifiers

PMID42221370
PMCPMC13221637

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.