ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2026
Anti-Cancer Research Progress of Triptolide: Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, Nanodelivery Systems and Clinical Challenges.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Decoding the tumor microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer: from immune evasion to precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triptolide is a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from traditional Chinese medicine with notable anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical utility is hampered by poor solubility, a narrow therapeutic index, and multi-organ toxicity. In response, extensive efforts have been made to improve its efficacy and safety profile. This review critically examines recent progress in Triptolide research, covering its mechanisms of action, derivative design, drug delivery systems, and cancer-specific applications. It also evaluates its clinical potential against pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancers, addresses ongoing challenges, and suggests future research paths to accelerate clinical translation. This article presents a narrative review summarizing the research progress on the pharmacological activities, structural modifications, and nanodelivery systems of Triptolide. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Web of Science using keywords including "Triptolide", "pharmacological activity", "structural modification", and "nanodelivery", combined with Boolean operators. The search timeframe was from database inception to March 2026. Inclusion criteria were: original research articles related to the pharmacological activities, structural modifications or nanodelivery systems of Triptolide, peer-reviewed journal articles published in English or Chinese. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate publications, conference abstracts, dissertations, and preprints, articles irrelevant to the topic. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. A total of 158 articles were included in this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.