Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42220885›Full record

ArticleAfrican journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence2026

Integrating traditional healers into the emergency care continuum in Uganda: a missed opportunity?

Reagan Kakande, Jessica Pelletier, Nambasa Betty, Muhammad Zulfiqa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Reagan KakandeMbarara University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara, Uganda.
Jessica PelletierDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.
Nambasa BettyMbarara University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara, Uganda.
Muhammad ZulfiqaUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditional healing systems remain central to healthcare delivery in many low- and middle-income countries, including Uganda, where they are deeply embedded within community health-seeking practices. At the same time, Uganda continues to face significant challenges in developing an effective and coordinated emergency care system, with delays in accessing timely care contributing to preventable morbidity and mortality. Traditional healers are frequently the first point of contact for patients, including those with acute and potentially life-threatening conditions. Despite their accessibility and influence, they remain largely excluded from formal emergency care planning. This paper explores the potential for integrating traditional healers into Uganda's emergency care continuum by repositioning them as Tier-1 emergency care actors within community-based response systems. We propose a structured, systems oriented model that emphasizes basic emergency training in danger-sign recognition, clearly defined referral pathways, bidirectional collaboration with biomedical providers, and integration within existing health system frameworks. The model highlights the importance of governance, certification, monitoring, and pilot implementation to ensure feasibility and accountability.However, integration carries important risks, including misdiagnosis, delayed referral, harmful practices, and regulatory challenges. To address these concerns, the proposed approach emphasizes a limited scope of practice focused on early recognition and referral, supported by safeguards such as standardized training, supervision, and policy oversight.This conceptual framework aims to inform future research, pilot programs, and policy discussions on strengthening emergency care systems in Uganda and similar settings. With careful implementation, integrating traditional healers into Tier-1 emergency care structures may reduce delays, improve referral systems, and enhance patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Emergency care systemsHealth systems integrationPrehospital careTraditional healersUganda

Identifiers

PMID42220885
PMCPMC13218127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.