ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2026
Gender Divergence in COPD Phenotypes and Narrowing Urban-Rural Diagnostic Gaps: A Surveillance Study in Chongqing, China, 2020-2024.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze epidemiological trends of COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in Chongqing, China (2020-2024), and assess spirometry-confirmed diagnosis rates. Patients and Methods: Data were obtained from the Chongqing Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), including 975,421 incident cases and 1,244,978 prevalent cases among residents aged ≥15 years, and 239,086 deaths from all age groups. Age‑standardized rates were calculated using the 2000 Chinese census population. Type 1 (spirometry‑confirmed) COPD diagnosis rate was analyzed by urban-rural residence. Results: Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 increased for COPD (732.06 to 1,424.54), emphysema (182.51 to 536.71), and chronic bronchitis (309.48 to 1,021.75). COPD and emphysema were male-predominant; chronic bronchitis became female-predominant after 2023. Rural burden was consistently higher. Type 1 diagnosis rate rose sharply from 6.96% (2022) to 26.04% (2024), with urban-rural gap narrowing to 0.77 percentage points. Conclusion: The rising prevalence mainly reflects improved case ascertainment. Female‑predominant chronic bronchitis highlights the need for sex‑specific public health strategies. The rapid increase in spirometry‑confirmed diagnosis and near‑elimination of urban-rural disparity demonstrate a successful model for diagnostic standardization in primary care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.