ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Lymphocyte transformation test in pediatric drug hypersensitivity: case series report from a tertiary care hospital.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Diagnosing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children is challenging due to coexisting infections. Reliable Objectives: To evaluate the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in supporting the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System (SPS) causality algorithm for identifying culprit drugs in pediatric ADRs, and to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the SPS algorithm, LTT, skin tests, and drug provocation testing (DPT). Methods: Retrospective case-series (2018-2024) at a tertiary hospital. Children with adjudicated ADRs were identified through pharmacovigilance programs and clinical referrals. Tolerance upon re-exposure served as the reference standard to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results: We analyzed 81 children (mean age 9.2 ± 5.9 years; 46.9% female). Most had no prior drug allergies (88.9%). The ADR spectrum was primarily cutaneous and hepatic (rash 19.5%, urticaria 13.0%, liver injury 11.9%). Frequent culprit drugs included amoxicillin (8.4%), paracetamol (7.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6.9%), and ibuprofen (6.4%). Using re-exposure as the reference standard, LTT demonstrated 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 51.0-100%) and 100% NPV (95% CI: 89.3-100%), with 78% specificity (95% CI: 12.6-57.6%). Significant associations were found between LTT positivity and SPS scores ≥4 (p<0.001), and between LTT and DPT outcomes (p=0.008). Conclusion: LTT positivity correlates significantly with high causality scores and DPT outcomes in children. LTT is a valuable, non-invasive tool for evaluating T-cell-mediated reactions, particularly when DPT is risky or contraindicated.
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