ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Minimally invasive 1 mm skin biopsies capture site-specific transcriptomic heterogeneity in vitiligo.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by clinical and molecular heterogeneity across lesional, perilesional and non-lesional skin within the same individual. Understanding these region-specific differences is essential for identifying early disease processes and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Skin biopsies represent a key approach to explore these differences, yet conventional 3-5 mm biopsies are invasive, requiring sutures, extended healing time and leaving visible scarring. Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize region-specific transcriptomic alterations across lesional, perilesional, and non-lesional skin in vitiligo, using minimally invasive 1 mm skin punch biopsies. Methods: In this study, bulk RNA sequencing was performed on 105 skin biopsies obtained from perilesional and (non-)lesional skin of non-segmental vitiligo patients, as well as healthy control skin. Differential gene expression was followed by pathway-level analyses, and Connectivity Map-based perturbational profiling was performed to predict candidate therapeutic compounds capable of reversing the lesional transcriptional signature. Results: Transcriptomic profiling of 1 mm biopsies revealed disease-associated changes across lesional, perilesional, and non-lesional vitiligo skin, with distinct region-specific gene signatures reflecting immune activation and metabolic reprogramming. Pathway analysis further identified dysregulation of both canonical and underexplored pathways, including NOD-like receptor signaling and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, alongside altered cellular clearance mechanisms potentially implicated in lesion persistence. Connectivity Map analysis nominated compounds predicted to reverse the lesional transcriptional signature, spanning epigenetic regulators, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and metabolic modulators. Conclusion: This approach uncovers potentially pathogenic pathways contributing to vitiligo pathogenesis and provides a translational framework for therapeutic hypothesis generation and future clinical studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.