Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42220505›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Bivalent virus-like particles expressing SPECT1 and CSP trigger pre-erythrocytic malaria immunity and protect against transgenic

Gulbuse Turan, Ekta Mukhopadhyay, Adam Truby, Kseniia Fedorova, Marco Polo Peralta Alvarez, Naif Khalaf Alharbi, Adrian V S Hill, Ahmed M Salman

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gulbuse TuranThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ekta MukhopadhyayThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Adam TrubyThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Kseniia FedorovaThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Marco Polo Peralta AlvarezThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Naif Khalaf AlharbiThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Adrian V S HillThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ahmed M SalmanThe Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The decline in protective antibody titers and efficacy over time of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-based RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines highlights the need for improved vaccines. Sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal-1 (SPECT-1) is a conserved Methods: We engineered a series of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying Results: All bivalent VLPs formed to display antigenic epitopes that were accessible to antigen-specific antibodies. Bivalent VLPs induced IgG responses against both NANP and Discussion: Our findings show that

Indexed as

Antigens, ProtozoanMalaria, FalciparumMalaria VaccinesPlasmodium falciparumProtozoan ProteinsSporozoitesVaccines, Virus-Like ParticleAnimalsAntibodies, ProtozoanFemaleHepatitis B Surface AntigensMiceMice, Inbred BALB CProtein Subunit VaccinesAntibodies, ProtozoanAntigens, Protozoancircumsporozoite protein, ProtozoanHepatitis B Surface AntigensMalaria VaccinesProtein Subunit VaccinesProtozoan ProteinsVaccines, Virus-Like ParticleLMQmalariaMatrix-MNANPparasiteSMNPSPECT-1VLP

Identifiers

PMID42220505
PMCPMC13216468

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.