ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Sex-related peripheral immune profile in ulcerative colitis: links to fatigue.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by mucosal and systemic immune dysregulation. Fatigue is a common, burdensome extraintestinal symptom that often persists beyond active inflammation and affects quality of life. Sex-based differences in immune response and fatigue severity have been reported, but their mechanistic basis remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize peripheral immune profiles across UC disease stages and explore links between immunity, fatigue, and sex. Methods: Eighty-nine individuals were enrolled: active UC (A; n=29), remission (R; n=30), and healthy controls (C; n=30). Flow cytometry assessed peripheral neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and T cell subsets, alongside plasma cytokines (BDNF, TNF, IL-6, IL-18, sTREM-2). Fatigue was evaluated using the validated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fatigue (IBD-F) questionnaire, with sex-stratified correlation analyses. Results: Active UC was associated with increased neutrophils and classical monocyte, alongside elevated TNF, BDNF, and sTREM-2. Upregulated CD62L expression and CCR2 expression in neutrophils and monocyte subsets indicated ongoing immune cell trafficking. During remission, increased plasmacytoid and CD141 Discussion: Peripheral immune dysregulation in UC correlates with fatigue severity in a sex-specific manner. Our findings underscore the relevance of gut-brain axis signaling and highlight immune biomarkers with potential for stratified fatigue management in UC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.