ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Psychometric validation of the Cannabis Withdrawal Checklist in a Spanish sample with cannabis use disorder.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis is used globally. In Spain, it is often used in combination with tobacco, which may exacerbate withdrawal severity. Currently, no validated instrument exists to assess cannabis withdrawal symptoms in Spanish populations. This study aimed to validate the 15-item Cannabis (Marijuana) Withdrawal Checklist (CWC) for Spanish-speaking individuals who co-use cannabis and tobacco. Materials and methods: This psychometric validation study was nested within a multicenter longitudinal project conducted across 10 substance use treatment programs in Catalonia (Spain). The CWC was forward- and back-translated following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) recommendations. Internal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change over time were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and mixed-effects analysis. Data from 82 participants were used to conduct the validation. Results: The adapted CWC demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's Conclusion: The Spanish CWC showed strong reliability and acceptable psychometric properties, supporting its use for assessing cannabis withdrawal symptoms in Spanish-speaking adults, particularly those who co-use tobacco products. The scale may be valuable in both research and clinical settings, particularly for monitoring withdrawal during treatment interventions. Further validation using larger, more diverse samples is warranted. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT0551209.
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