ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Mathematical cognitive structures in Grade 12 students: a mixed-methods concept map study of gender differences and computational ability.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study employs a mixed-methods research design, primarily relying on quantitative analysis while incorporating qualitative analysis as a complementary approach. A total of 368 concept maps constructed by Grade 12 students were evaluated using the total proposition scoring method, the Novak's structural scoring method, and the new structural scoring method. The study aims to explore the characteristics of Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures and to examine differences across gender and varying levels of mathematical computational ability. This study selected 189 Grade 12 students from four schools in Beijing and Shandong Province, China, focusing on the topics of sequences and trigonometric functions for the concept map drawing test, and after excluding invalid samples, a total of 184 students were included. The study found that Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures are mainly concentrated between two and five levels. Most students did not form cross-links, and very few exhibited linear structures. Based on the statistical analysis of the frequencies of different concepts and methods appearing in students' concept maps, significant differences were found in students' understanding of key concepts and methods in the topics of sequences and trigonometric functions. There were gender differences in students' mathematical cognitive structure scores (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.