ArticleThe Permanente journal2026
Biphasic Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: De Novo Hypothyroidism Followed by Delayed Type 2 Thyrotoxicosis: A Case Report.
Article in The Permanente journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Amiodarone disrupts thyroid function in 15% to 20% of patients through iodine overload and direct cytotoxicity, with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) classified as type 1 (iodine-driven excess synthesis in abnormal glands) or type 2 (destructive thyroiditis in normal glands). Type 2 AIT often manifests late or after drug discontinuation due to amiodarone's prolonged tissue persistence (terminal half-life 26-107 days, mean approximately 53 days), and biphasic patterns where hypothyroidism precedes thyrotoxicosis are rarely reported, particularly
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