ReviewEcho research and practice2026
Agitated Saline Contrast Echocardiography in the diagnosis of right to left shunts: Guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography.
Review in Echo research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correction: Agitated Saline Contrast Echocardiography in the diagnosis of right to left shunts: Guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography.Echo research and practice · 2026Article
- Multivalvular Carcinoid Heart Disease: The Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Selection for Heterotopic Bicaval Valve Implantation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Case Report: Dual embolism of the pulmonary and renal arteries after laparoscopy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Contrast echocardiography encompasses two forms of ultrasound contrast agents. This article focuses on agitated saline (AS-C) contrast, commonly called 'bubble' contrast. Its main application is in identifying the presence of a right to left shunt in a number of clinical syndromes, often associated with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Dependant on the clinical presentation, the presence of a PFO with a likelihood of a causal role may be considered for percutaneous PFO closure. This guideline outlines a structured approach to performing an AS-C transthoracic echocardiogram, including the indications, protocols, and potential pitfalls for performing AS-C transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). It also addresses when to proceed to more advanced imaging modalities and highlights clinical decision-making frameworks such as the RoPE score.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.