ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2026
Repurposing GeneXpert® for rapid diagnosis of HPV-associated anal cancer: a case report of an unusually large lesion.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is strongly linked to persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes, particularly in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who experience higher rates of viral persistence and oncogenic progression. The burden of HPV-related malignancies is disproportionately higher in low-resource settings, where limited access to screening, histopathology, and specialist care contributes to delayed diagnosis and advanced-stage presentation. In such contexts, rapid molecular diagnostic tools may help overcome diagnostic delays and support earlier clinical decision-making. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe an atypically presenting HPV-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma in a man living with HIV from the Peruvian Amazon, a region characterized by geographic and structural barriers to healthcare access. The patient presented with a large exophytic perianal lesion measuring 16 × 7 × 4 cm
conclusionsThis case highlights the potential utility of tissue-based GeneXpert HPV testing as a rapid adjunctive diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings where access to histopathology is delayed. Early molecular identification of high-risk HPV may support timely clinical decision-making and facilitate linkage to care. However, its clinical impact remains constrained in the context of advanced disease at presentation, underscoring the importance of addressing structural barriers to early diagnosis and sustained HIV and cancer care in underserved regions.
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