ReviewMolecular and cellular pediatrics2026
Intersectionality of early developmental risks and resilience after preterm birth.
Review in Molecular and cellular pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
The period from conception through preschool age represents a critical developmental window for both microbiome and brain. During this time, several modifiable factors may influence development via the gut-brain axis, including the mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and sensitive, emotionally responsive caregiving. Infants born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) face numerous challenges that can perturb their developing gut microbiome as well as neurobehavioral trajectories. Biological and medical risks are exacerbated by stressful social context conditions. Understanding the complex mechanisms shaping the gut-brain axis and identifying modifiable protective factors is key to help define specific target groups and critical windows for individualized prevention of adverse outcomes after preterm birth. Today, a large knowledge gap exists on (a) how gut, brain, and behavioral development interact over time, and (b) which social and modifiable factors are key drivers of this interaction that could be harnessed for treatment and intervention. Translational research on the gut-brain axis after preterm birth is critically needed. Future studies should consider intentional sampling for variation in social factors such as level of education and immigrant background to identify populations that are susceptible to microbiome modifications and provide more evidence of how interventions might optimize long-term outcomes.
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