ArticleMicrobes and environments2026
Isolation and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Japanese Strain of Pseudomonas protegens and an Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Potential.
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Abstract
Pseudomonas protegens, a member of the P. fluorescens complex, is a key biocontrol bacterium with well-documented potential to protect plants against diverse pathogens. Although P. protegens strains have been widely exami-ned globally, those originating from Japan have not been well described. In this study, we isolated and characterized a new P. protegens strain, GSF-73, from the rhizosphere of Allium fistulosum in Gifu, Japan, and assessed its performance against several major plant diseases. Draft genome sequencing produced a 7.13-Mbp assembly, and average nucleotide identity values of 97.81-98.26% with reference strains (Cab75, CHA0, and Pf-5) confirmed its species identity. A comparative genomic anal-ysis showed that GSF-73 possessed a larger genome than the reference strains, containing eight conserved biosynthetic gene clusters for antimicrobial compounds and an expanded set of strain-specific genes related to metabolism, regulation, mobilome functions, and secretion. GSF-73 exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity in vitro against fungal, oomycete, and bacterial pathogens. In biocontrol assays, GSF-73 significantly suppressed spinach Fusarium wilt, cucumber anthracnose on detached cotyledons, tomato bacterial wilt, and cucumber downy mildew. In contrast, root and/or seed treatments enhanced Pythium root rot in spinach and anthracnose in pot-grown cucumbers, indicating pathosystem-dependent efficacy. Despite these contrasting outcomes, GSF-73 shows strong biocontrol potential and merits further study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both beneficial and adverse effects for its optimized use as a locally adapted biocontrol agent for Japanese agriculture.
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