Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42219041›Full record

ArticleNeurotoxicology2026

Radon-related increases in depressive symptoms are explained by amygdala morphology and external locus of control.

Grace E Parolek, Monica N Clarke-Smith, Saige C Rasmussen, Sarah L Greenwood, Ilenia Salsano, Haley R Pulliam, OgheneTejiri V Smith, Brittany K Taylor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurotoxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Grace E ParolekInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Monica N Clarke-SmithInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Saige C RasmussenInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Sarah L GreenwoodInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Ilenia SalsanoInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Haley R PulliamInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
OgheneTejiri V SmithInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Brittany K TaylorInstitute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA. Electronic address: Brittany.Taylor@boystown.org.

Funding

Stress-Induced Aberrations in the Mitochondrial Redox Environment Impact Developing Neural Circuits Supporting Cognitive ControlP20GM144641 · NIGMS · FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME · PI Giorgia Picci · 2022 to 2026
$15.1M
Pathways to mental health: the mediating role of altered cytokines on the relationship between chronic home radon exposure and emotional neural circuitry in developing youthsR21ES035146 · NIEHS · FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME · PI TAYLOR, BRITTANY · 2023 to 2024
$448k
NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES035146NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM144641
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEnvironmental toxins have been linked to depressive symptoms, potentially via brain morphology and cognition. In particular, the amygdala acts as an affective hub and may be especially sensitive to environmental insults such as radon. Radon has been associated with neurostructural differences and poorer emotion regulation. However, it is unknown whether radon is associated with amygdala volume, and in turn, subthreshold mental health symptoms.

methodA sample of 152 healthy participants (74 female) aged 8-to-17 years old completed a T1-weighted structural MRI scan from which amygdala volumes were extracted. Youth also completed the BASC-3, from which we assessed locus of control (LoC) and depressive symptomology. Families completed a home radon test. We then assessed whether amygdala volume and LoC serially mediated the relationship between radon exposure and depressive symptoms.

resultsWe identified a significant indirect effect of radon exposure on depressive symptoms through amygdala volume and LoC (β = 0.02, b = 0.21, 95% CI [0.02, 0.61]). Specifically, participants with greater radon exposure tended to have larger amygdala volumes (β = 0.23, b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .001), which was linked with a more external LoC (β = 0.16, b = 15.11, SE = 7.57, p = .046) and greater depressive symptoms (β = 0.58, b = 0.58, SE = 0.11, p < .001).

conclusionsThis is the first study to link radon exposure to depressive symptomology via neurophysiological aberrations and cognitive factors in development, evidencing its negative neuropsychological effects.

Indexed as

AmygdalaDepressionInternal-External ControlRadonAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRadonInternalizing problemsRisk factorsSubclinical mental healthSubcortical structureTransdiagnostic approaches

Identifiers

PMID42219041
PMCPMC13316827

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.