Trial reportNeuroImage. Clinical2026
Structural-functional multilayer brain network properties and outcome of combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Trial report in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but response rates are variable. Pre-treatment characteristics of the stimulated region can influence rTMS outcome. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: We investigated the relationship between network features of the rTMS stimulation location and treatment outcome in a randomised trial of rTMS combined with exposure and response prevention psychotherapy (ERP) for OCD, using graph analysis of single-layer functional and structural brain networks, and of structural-functional multilayer networks.
methodsWe analysed data from 58 treatment-refractory adult OCD patients. Participants received either: high frequency (HF) rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (n = 19); HF rTMS to the left pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) (n = 21); or control rTMS to the vertex (n = 18), all combined with ERP. We used pre-treatment resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) scans to construct single-layer and structural-functional multilayer networks for each participant. We computed various centrality measures of the stimulated location and subnetwork, and examined their relationship with treatment outcome.
resultsWe found no associations between functional/structural single-layer network characteristics and treatment outcome. However, higher average multilayer betweenness centrality of the stimulated subnetwork in the DLPFC rTMS group (but not in the preSMA/vertex groups) was associated with symptom reduction (p = 0.013).
conclusionsParticipants with greater integration of the stimulated subnetwork with the rest of the structural-functional network showed greater improvement following DLPFC rTMS-ERP. Our exploratory results give a preliminary indication of the importance of the interplay between structural and functional networks for rTMS outcome.
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