ArticleDiscover oncology2026
Spatially resolved single cell analysis suggests an APOE NCF1 associated immunosuppressive niche and its prognostic signature in thyroid cancer.
Article in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) presents a rising global incidence, with a subset of cases progressing aggressively despite standard therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the functional state of CD8⁺ T cells, is crucial in disease progression, yet a systematic, high-resolution understanding of the cellular interactions associated with immune exhaustion and tumor evolution in TC remains limited.
methodsTo address this, we performed an integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis of human TC samples. Our approach combined scRNA-seq data processing, cell communication inference, spatial co-localization validation, and machine learning-based prognostic modeling.
resultWe identified a distinct tumor cell subcluster (Trem/T01) characterized by APOE expression and a CD8⁺ exhausted T cell (Tex) subset. Computational and spatial analyses revealed a potential APOE (from Trem)-NCF1 (from CD8⁺ Tex) interaction axis, with these cell types demonstrating significant spatial proximity in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we derived a prognostic gene signature from this network, constructing a robust risk stratification model validated across independent cohorts.
conclusionThis study uniquely delineates a specific tumor-immune interactive niche in TC, providing insights into potential mechanisms into immune evasion via the APOE-NCF1 axis and delivering a translatable framework for patient prognostication.
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