Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42217106›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2026

Adhesion of resin cement to 3D printed dental polymers: effect of layer thickness and air abrasion.

Paula Zwicky, Michele Piccini, Abdülhakim Alpaslan Sener, Luiza Freitas Brum Souza, Tan Fırat Eyüboğlu, Mutlu Özcan

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Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Paula ZwickyCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Michele PicciniCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abdülhakim Alpaslan SenerCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Luiza Freitas Brum SouzaCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Tan Fırat EyüboğluCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mutlu ÖzcanCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland. mutluozcan@hotmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess the influence of layer thickness, silica-coating, and aging on surface roughness and resin cement adhesion to 3D-printed dental polymers. MATERIALS AND

methodsFour photo-polymerized resins (Crowntec (S), 3Delta Etemp (D), TempPrint (GC), and NextDent C&B MFH (ND)) were printed under four layer conditions (polished, 20, 50, and 100 µm; N = 1280). Specimens were treated with or without silica-coating air abrasion (CoJet), bonded with resin cement (Panavia V5), and tested dry or after thermocycling (5,000 cycles). Surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and shear bond strength (SBS) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

resultsMaterial, layer thickness, and surface conditioning significantly affected surface roughness (p < 0.001), with material- and layer-dependent responses to silica coating. Roughness generally increased with layer thickness. For SBS, material and layer thickness were significant under both conditions (p < 0.05), while silica coating mainly benefited polished surfaces. ND and GC showed the highest SBS at 20 µm, S exhibited stable performance, and D showed the lowest bond strength. Thermocycling did not consistently reduce adhesion.

conclusionsPrinting layer thickness and material composition are key determinants of surface roughness and bonding. Silica-coating was most effective on polished surfaces, and optimal adhesion was achieved with ND and GC printed at 20 µm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tailoring printing resolution and surface conditioning improves adhesion to 3D-printed resin restorations.

Indexed as

Air Abrasion, DentalDental BondingDental MaterialsPolymersPrinting, Three-DimensionalResin CementsMaterials TestingShear StrengthSurface PropertiesDental MaterialsPolymersResin Cements3D-printingAdditive manufacturingAdhesionDental materialsFixed dental prosthesisProsthetic DentistryResin CompositeThermocycling

Identifiers

PMID42217106

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.