ReviewJapanese journal of radiology2026
Beyond FLAIR: PRISM (polarity-preserving real inversion solute mapping)-a new Frontier in real inversion recovery MRI for intracranial and sensory organ fluid assessment.
Review in Japanese journal of radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Assessing subtle compositional changes in cranial and sensory organ fluids-including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ocular humors, and inner ear lymph fluid-is vital for neuroimaging. Heavily T2-weighted Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) is sensitive to T1 changes induced by solutes, but conventional magnitude reconstruction (e.g., HYDROPS subtraction) suffers from artifacts like signal cancellation, paradoxical gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) effects, and motion misregistration. This review summarizes the technical characteristics and diverse applications of PRISM (Polarity-preserving Real Inversion Solute Mapping), a robust 3D-real Inversion Recovery (IR) sequence developed to overcome these limitations. PRISM achieves high T1-sensitivity using phase-sensitive (real) reconstruction with an ultra-long repetition time (TR), allowing whole-brain coverage and simultaneous assessment of CSF, the eyeball, and the inner ear within a clinically feasible time. Critically, its polarity-preserving display depicts fluids lacking T1-shortening solutes with a negative signal (black), clearly differentiating them from bone and air. Clinically, PRISM's utility spans both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced applications. Non-contrast PRISM is useful for assessing CSF protein concentration variations, meningeal lymphatic stasis, or compositional changes indicating inner ear pathologies. When combined with GBCA, time-course PRISM (pre-contrast up to 24 h delayed) uniquely visualizes solute dynamics, providing profound insights into blood-barrier integrity (e.g., blood-labyrinth barrier) and glymphatic waste clearance (e.g., CSF washout, perivascular space enhancement). Moreover, PRISM is a reliable, single-acquisition method for visualizing delayed contrast-enhanced endolymphatic hydrops, bypassing prior subtraction pitfalls. PRISM's ability to detect subtle compositional markers with high resolution positions it as a highly promising MRI advancement. However, to facilitate its routine widespread clinical adoption, further standardization, broader validation, and multi-platform reproducibility are essential. Continued efforts to establish robust protocols will be necessary to realize its potential as a non-invasive tool for screening and monitoring glymphatic function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.