ArticleNucleic acids research2026
Transcription factor NF-Y complex interacts with chromatin remodeling complexes SWI/SNF and RSC to coordinately regulate gene expression.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The NF-Y (HAP2/3/5 or CCAAT-binding factor) complex is an evolutionarily conserved heterotrimeric transcription factor (TF) that binds the CCAAT box in ∼30% of eukaryotic promoters. While NF-Y alters chromatin structure, its mechanisms remain enigmatic. In Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma reesei, near-complete chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) SWI/SNF and RSC were captured using NF-Y subunits as bait. Resolution of the structural compositions of SWI/SNF and RSC in both fungi revealed four novel filamentous-fungi-specific subunits: SWI/SNF-specific Fif1/Fif2 and RSC-specific Fif3/Fif4. These subunits distinguish filamentous fungal SWI/SNF and RSC from their counterparts in unicellular yeast and multicellular metazoans. SWI/SNF subunits (Snf19/Sol1/Fif1) and RSC subunits (Rsc7/Fif3) serve as direct targets for NF-Y-CRC interaction. Functional studies of the P. oxalicum NF-Y subunits PoNF-YB and PoNF-YC, along with the SWI/SNF-specific PoFif1 and the RSC-specific PoFif3, revealed their overlapping yet distinct roles in fungal growth, development, and cell wall-degrading enzyme production. The chromatin occupancy of PoFif1 and PoFif3 at certain target promoters is PoNF-Y-dependent. These findings suggest a model in which NF-Y interacts with the CRCs to coordinately regulate these growth, developmental, and metabolic processes. This model may explain how a canonical TF exhibits "pseudo-chromatin remodeler" activity: through its engagement with authentic CRCs, namely, SWI/SNF and RSC.
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